Is Cancer in My Genes? Guide to Genetic Testing and Family Risk
If you’ve ever sat across from a doctor, maybe after a parent or sibling was diagnosed with cancer, and asked, “Does this mean I’m at risk too?” — you’re not alone. It’s one of the most common and emotionally charged questions we get in oncology. The fear that cancer might be hiding in your genes can weigh heavily. Today, I want to walk you through this topic like I would with any of my patients: honestly, gently, and with hope.
We’re going to talk about what it means for cancer to “run in the family,” how genetic testing works, and what you can do with the information. This isn’t about causing anxiety — it’s about empowering you with knowledge and options.
Link Between Genetics and Cancer
Let me start by saying this: most cancers are not inherited. That surprises a lot of people. Only about 5% to 10% of all cancers are caused by inherited genetic mutations.
That said, when cancer does have a hereditary component, it usually means there’s a mutation in a gene that’s been passed down from one generation to the next. These mutations don’t guarantee you’ll get cancer, but they do increase your risk.
Think of your DNA like a recipe book for how your cells grow, divide, and repair themselves. Sometimes, one page of the recipe has a typo — a small error. If that error is in a gene responsible for controlling cell growth, your body might not stop abnormal cells from multiplying. That’s how cancer can begin.
One of my patients, Aarav, came in after his mother and aunt were both diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 45. He wasn’t sure what to do, but he felt this uneasy, constant worry. After a thoughtful discussion, we decided to do genetic testing. It turned out he carried a BRCA2 mutation, which significantly increases the risk for certain cancers. But instead of panicking, we built a plan. He now gets regular screenings and lives with peace of mind rather than fear.
When Should You Consider Genetic Testing for Cancer?
A lot of people ask me, “Should I get tested even if I feel fine?” It’s a good question. Genetic testing isn’t for everyone, but it’s something to consider if certain patterns show up in your family history:
- Multiple relatives on the same side of the family with the same or related types of cancer
- Cancer diagnoses at unusually young ages (for example, colon or breast cancer before age 50)
- Family members with rare cancers (like male breast cancer)
- A known genetic mutation in the family (like BRCA1 or Lynch syndrome)
Remember, this kind of testing isn’t about finding cancer in your body right now. It’s about understanding if you carry a gene that might increase your risk in the future. And that knowledge can guide prevention, lifestyle choices, and early detection.
What Happens During Genetic Testing?
Most patients are surprised by how simple the process is. Genetic testing usually involves a blood or saliva sample. That’s it. From there, the sample is sent to a specialized lab where they look closely at specific genes associated with cancer risk.
But here’s the most important part: testing should always be done along with genetic counseling. Before and after. Because the results can be confusing, and they can affect not just you, but your entire family.
Let’s say your test comes back positive for a mutation. That doesn’t mean you have cancer. It doesn’t even mean you will get it. It simply means your risk is higher than average. This is where a good oncologist and genetic counselor can walk you through next steps — whether that means more frequent screenings, lifestyle changes, preventive medications, or even surgeries in some cases.
Commonly Inherited Cancer Genes You Might Hear About
You might have heard of some of these genes in the news or from friends:
- BRCA1 and BRCA2: These are the most well-known. Mutations can raise the risk of breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers.
- Lynch Syndrome (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM): These mutations increase the risk of colon, uterine, and other cancers.
- TP53, PTEN, CDH1, STK11: These are rarer but also associated with specific inherited cancer syndromes.
Just because these sound unfamiliar doesn’t mean they aren’t important. A good clinician will know which tests are relevant for you based on your personal and family history.
What if I Test Positive? Will I Get Cancer?
Not. Testing positive for a cancer-related gene means your risk is higher, not that cancer is inevitable.
Think of it like this: if your risk is 50%, that means you still have a 50% chance of never developing that cancer. This is where action and awareness make a huge difference. You can work with your doctor to stay ahead of the disease with regular screenings, lifestyle changes, or preventive strategies.
Should My Kids or Siblings Get Tested Too?
Possibly, yes. If you test positive for an inherited mutation, your close relatives (siblings, parents, children) may also carry that gene. Genetic counselors can guide your family through who might benefit from testing and when.
I’ve seen families find real strength in coming together, supporting one another through testing, and using the results to make empowered health decisions.
What You Can Do with the Results: Knowledge as Power
One of the hardest things about cancer is the feeling of helplessness. But genetic testing can give you something valuable back: a sense of control.
Let’s go back to Aarav. Once he had his results, he made a few small changes — he started colonoscopies earlier than average, stopped smoking, changed his diet slightly, and stayed more consistent with his checkups. More than anything, he stopped fearing the unknown. That alone changed his life.
You deserve that too. Not because you should be afraid, but because you have a right to information that helps you take care of yourself and your loved ones.
Final Thoughts: You Are Not Alone on This Journey
I know these topics can feel heavy. It’s hard enough navigating cancer without the extra worry of genetics. But I want you to know that you don’t have to go through it alone. Whether you’re just curious, scared, or looking to protect your family, a conversation with an experienced oncologist can bring clarity.
We’re here to help you ask the right questions, understand your risks, and make a plan that feels right for you. Genetic testing isn’t about predicting your future — it’s about helping you shape it.
Ready to Learn More?
If you have a strong family history of cancer or just want to understand your risk better, don’t wait. Reach out to a trusted oncologist today. Let’s talk, one-on-one, about what matters to you.
Your health story is still being written. Let’s write it together, with knowledge, care, and hope.
Frequently Asked Questions About Genetic Testing and Cancer Risk
Q: How do I know if I should get genetic testing for cancer?
A: If you have multiple close relatives with the same type of cancer, especially if they were diagnosed at a young age, it may be worth exploring. For example, breast cancer before age 50, ovarian cancer at any age, or colon cancer that spans generations can all be clues. Your oncologist or genetic counselor can guide you through whether testing is appropriate based on your family history.
Q: Can a genetic test tell me if I will get cancer?
A: No — and that’s an important distinction. Genetic testing can tell you if you carry certain mutations that increase your risk, but it doesn’t mean you will develop cancer. Think of it like a weather forecast: a higher chance of rain doesn’t guarantee a storm, but it lets you carry an umbrella and plan.
Q: What happens if I test positive for a cancer gene mutation?
A: First, take a deep breath. Testing positive doesn’t mean cancer is already in your body. It just means you may need to be more proactive with screening or prevention. Some people choose earlier or more frequent checkups. Others may consider medications or, in rare cases, preventive surgery. Your care team will walk you through every option.
Q: Is genetic testing expensive or covered by insurance?
A: Many insurance plans do cover genetic testing — especially when you meet specific clinical guidelines. In some cases, the testing can be free or low-cost. Talk to your provider or a genetic counselor; they can help you navigate the logistics so cost doesn’t become a barrier to your health.
Q: Will genetic testing affect my job or insurance?
A: In many countries, laws like GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act) protect people from discrimination based on genetic test results. However, rules can vary depending on where you live. If this is a concern, bring it up with your doctor or counselor — they can give you peace of mind and clear guidance.