Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines 2024
Colorectal cancer is ranked to be the third most prevalent cancer globally, comprising about 10% of all cancer cases and standing as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This cancer primarily affects older individuals, with most cases in people aged 50 or older. Unfortunately, colorectal cancer is frequently detected at advanced stages when treatment options are limited. The condition encompasses cancers originating in the colon or rectum and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among adults.
Did you know?
This year (2024), it’s estimated that over 150,000 men and women will receive diagnoses of colon or rectal cancer, surpassing previous predictions from 2023.
Thus, it is highly recommended that you undergo regular diagnosis so that early detection can aid in better treatment. For this, you must be well aware of the colon cancer screening guidelines.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer is a cancer type that impacts the colon (large intestine) or rectum, ranking among the most prevalent cancer types globally. This disease can lead to significant harm and mortality. Changes in bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and low iron levels could be some of the symptoms.
Many individuals do not experience symptoms during the initial stages of the disease.
Adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting tobacco use, and moderating alcohol consumption can help lower the risk of this type of cancer. Moreover, routine screening for colorectal cancer is essential for early detection and improved outcomes.
When should you consider Colorectal Cancer Screening?
You must consider screening for colorectal cancer if you are experiencing the following symptoms:
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool).
- Blood strains in the stool (rectal bleeding), which can be bright red or dark and tar-like
- Persistent abdominal cramps, pain, or bloating
- Sudden, unexplained weight loss without intentional efforts
- Fatigue and lack of energy on a continuous basis, even after adequate rest
- Iron deficiency anemia resulting from chronic bleeding, leading to fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations for 2024
According to the latest screening guidelines, individuals at an average risk of developing colorectal cancer must start their screening at age 45.
The recommended screening guidelines by age are as follows:
- Between ages 45 and 75, average-risk patients should undergo a colonoscopy every 10 years.
- For individuals aged 76 to 85, screening decisions should be tailored based on individual factors, including overall health, life expectancy, and prior screening history.
- Screening is generally not recommended for those aged 85 and older.
- If you have heightened risk factors, your healthcare provider may suggest starting screening before age 45.
Screening guidelines for people at AVERAGE RISK
Individuals who have high chances of developing colorectal cancer may require earlier initiation of screening for colorectal cancer, more frequent screenings, and/or specific tests.
This includes individuals with:
- Significant or prominent family history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps (refer to Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors)
- Personal history of colorectal cancer or specific types of polyps
- Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
- Known family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer or HNPCC)
- Previous record of abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy for cancer in the past
Screening Test Options for Colorectal Cancer
Doctors use various screening tests for the early detection and treatment of colon cancer.
These colorectal cancer screening tests include:
Stool DNA Test: This non-invasive test detects specific gene changes associated with colon cancer cells. It does not require a special diet or bowel preparation, making it convenient. However, it’s suitable only for people with low to average risk of colon cancer.
Colonoscopy Procedure: This common screening method is recommended for individuals at high risk of colon cancer. It involves inserting a flexible, lighted tube with a camera into the colon, rectum, and large intestine to detect polyps. Any detected growths can be removed during the procedure.
Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to colonoscopy, but focuses only on the colon and rectum. If suspicious growths are found, a colonoscopy may be recommended for removal.
Double Contrast Barium Enema: This X-ray-based screening involves inserting liquid barium into the rectum, which spreads into the colon. Air is then pumped to create thin, smooth layers for X-rays to detect polyps. If polyps are found, a colonoscopy is typically recommended.
Want to understand more about colon cancer screening guidelines?
Get in touch with oncologist Dr. Rajeev Kaushal
Interested to know more about colon cancer screening guidelines? Reach out to oncologist Dr. Rajeev Kaushal for expert advice and personalized recommendations. He specializes in cancer screening and can provide valuable insights to help you navigate your screening options and take informed and conscious decisions about your health. Additionally, Dr. Rajeev has expertise in treating other cancers like prostate cancer, ensuring comprehensive care tailored to your specific needs.